Google CEO Sundar Pichai says AI search will actually help the web


[Music] soon P you are the CEO of both alphabet and Google welcome to decoder and I good to be here I am excited to talk to you I feel like I talk to you every year at Google IO and we talk about all the things you’ve announced there’s a lot of things to talk about there’s a lot of AI news to talk about as you know I am particularly interested in the future of the web I really want to talk about that with you but I figured I would start with an easy one do you think language is the same as intelligence wow that’s a it’s not an easy question I don’t think I’m the expert on it uh I think language does uh encode a lot of intelligence probably more than uh you know people thought uh explains the successes of large language models uh to a great extent but I think my intuition tells me as humans the way we consume information I think there’s a lot more to it than language alone but I’d say language is a lot more than people think uh it is yeah the reason I asked that question at start is I look at the announcements that IO with AI and what you’re doing I look at your competitors with AI and what they’re doing and everything is very language heavy right it’s llms that have really led to this explosion of interest and Innovation and investment and I wonder if the intelligence is increasing at the same rate as the facility with language and I kind of don’t see it to be perfectly honest I see computers getting much better at language and actually in some cases getting dumber and I’m wondering if you see that same Gap yeah it’s a it’s a great question though part of the reason we made Gemini natively multimodel is so that you know was strain um you know with audio video uh text images and code uh and you’re you’re beginning to see glimpses of it now but it hasn’t all actually made its way into products fully yet so maybe the next cycle when we have multimodality working on the input and output side and and we are training model using all that I think that’ll encapsulate a lot more than just today which is primarily text based so I think that Continuum will shift as we you know take in take in a lot more information that way so maybe there’s there’s more to come the reason I ask that is it feels like last year you know the tagline was bold but responsible that’s Google’s approach you said it again on stage this year and then I look at our reactions to AI getting things wrong yeah and it seems like they’re getting more and more tempered over time I I’ll give you an example in uh the demos you had yesterday you showed multimodal video search of someone trying to fix a broken film camera and the answer was just wrong right like sort of straightforwardly the answer that was highlighted in the video was just just open the back of the film camera and jiggle it it’s like well that would ruin all of your film and no one who had an intelligent understanding of how that camera would just suggest that yeah I ironically I was talking to the team they you know the team as part of making the video mhm they consulted with a bunch of subject matter experts yeah who all reviewed the answer and thought it was okay I understand the Nuance I agree with you obviously you don’t want to expose your film by uh taking it outside of a a a dark room there are there are certain context in which it makes sense to do that sure you know if you don’t want to break the camera uh and if what you’ve taken is not that valuable sure right it makes sense to do that uh you know it’s a good example of you’re right there is a lot of nuance in it and you know part of what I hope search serves to do is to you know gives you a lot more context and around that answer and and allows people to explore it deeply uh but I think you know these are the kind of things uh you know for us to keep getting better at but to your earlier question look I think I do see the capability Frontier continuing to move forward I think we a bit limited if we were just training on Text data but I think we all making it more multimodal so I see more opportunities there let’s talk about search this is the thing that I I I’m most interested in I think this is the thing that is changing the most sort of in an abstract way it’s the thing that’s the most exciting yeah right you can ask a computer a question and it will just like happily tell you an answer yeah that feels new I I I see the excitement around it yesterday you announced AI previews are coming to search that’s an extension of what was called the search generative experience announc going to roll out to everyone in the United States I would describe the reactions to that news from the people who make websites is fundamentally apocalyptic uh the CEO of the news media Alliance said to CNN this will be catastrophic to our traffic another media CEO forwarded me a newsletter and the headline was this is a death blow to Publishers were you expecting that kind of response to Rolling Out AI previews and search look it’s uh I definitely you know I recall in 2010 and you know the headlines that the web is dead right you know and I’ve long worked on the web obviously I deeply care about it when the transition from desktop to mobile happened there was a lot of concerns because people are like oh it’s a small screen how will people read content like why would they look at content we started introducing what we internally called web answers in 2014 uh which are featured Snippets outside so you had questions like that um uh I remain optimistic empirically what we are seeing you know through throughout these years I think human curiosity is boundless yeah when people come and it’s something I think we have deeply understood in search more than any other company I think we will differentiate ourselves in our approach even through this transition I think as a company we realize the value of this ecosystem and it’s symbiotic if there isn’t a rich ecosystem making unique and useful content you know what are you putting together and organizing right and so we we feel it I would say uh through all these transitions things have played out a bit differently I think high quality content users are looking for it the counterintuitive part which I think almost always plays out is it’s it’s not a zero some game in terms of AI overviews people are responding very positively to it it’s one of the most positive changes I’ve seen in search based on metrics we see but people do jump off on it and when you give context around it they actually jump off with uh it actually helps them understand uh and so they engage with content underneath too in fact if you put content and links within AI overviews they get higher click-through rates than if you put outside of AI overviews yeah but I understand the I understand the sentiment right you know it’s a it’s a it’s a big change uh you know these are disruptive moments AI is a big platform shift and people are projecting out and you know this is people are putting a lot into creating content it’s their businesses it’s their so I understand the perspective so you know I’m not surprised we engaging with a lot of players both directly and indirectly uh but I remain optimistic how it’ll actually play out but it’s a good question but happy to talk about it more so I think you know that I have this concept I call Google Zero yeah which is born of my own paranoia every referrer that The Verge has ever had has gone up and then it’s gone down and Google is the last large scale referrer of traffic on the web for almost every website now uh and I can see that for a lot of sites Google zero is playing out their Google traffic has gone to zero particularly independent sites that aren’t part of some huge publishing conglomerate so uh there’s an air purifier blog that we cover called House fresh there’s a gaming site we cover called retro Doo both of these sites have said look our Google traffic went to zero our businesses are doomed is that the right outcome here of all this that the people who care so much about video games or air purifiers that they actually started websites and made the content for the web are the ones getting hurt the most in the platform shift no look I I I mean it’s always difficult to talk about individual cases right and like you know um at the end of the day we are trying to satisfy you user expectations and users are Waring with their feet and right so and people are trying to figure out what’s valuable to them and we are doing it at scale and you know I can’t answer on the particular side but but it’s that thing where it’s a bunch of small players are feeling the hurt like loudly like they’re saying it like our businesses are going away and that’s the thing you’re saying like we’re engaging we’re talking but this thing that is happening very clearly but it’s not clear to me that’s a uniform Trend like I have to look at data on an aggregate right so anecdotally when people give spe there are always times when people have come in an area and said me as a specific site have done worse but that may be a moment in which that’s because it’s like an individual restaurant coming and saying I’ve started getting less customers this year yeah people have stopped eating food or whatever it is right I that’s not true uh necessarily right some other restaurant might have opened next door which is doing very well right so it’s it’s it’s tough to say I think from an IND from our standpoint when I look historically even over the past decade you know we have provided more traffic to the ecosystem and we’ve driven that growth right so that you know and you may be making a secondary Point around small sites versus more aggregating sites you know which is the second Point you’re talking about you know ironically there are times when we have done changes to actually send more traffic to the smaller sites some of the sites which complain a lot are the aggregators in the middle so should the traffic being go to the restaurant which has created a website with their menus and stuff or you know or people writing about these restaurants these are deep questions I’m not saying there’s the right answer but you’re about to flip over the whole Apple car right you’re about to start answering some of these questions very directly and where that content comes from in the future I think you want the people who care the most to publish that information directly to be the thing that you synthesize yeah I and the incentives for that seem to be getting lower and lower on the web anyway yeah I feel it’s the opposite how do I um you know if anything I feel like through AI overviews when you give people context yes there are times people come and they all they want is a quick answer and they bounce back but overall when we look at user Journeys when you give the context it also exposes people’s to various branching off jumping off points and so they engage more so I actually this is what drives growth over over time uh I look at like desktop to mobile questions were similar in fact I think it was a cover almost tempted to pull out saying the web is dead and there was a Google Zero argument 10 years ago but you yourself made the point that we it’s not an accident I think we we still remain as one of the largest referers yeah because we’ve cared about it deeply for a long long time I look at our journey even the last one year through search generative experience I constantly you know Founders prioritizing approaches which would send more traffic while meeting user expectations yeah you know we think that through deeply and we actually change our approach and if there are areas where we feel like we fully haven’t gotten it right we are careful about rolling it there but I think what’s positively surprising us is that people engage more and that will lead to more growth over time I think for high quality content and and there’s a lot of debate about what’s high quality content and uh you know but I think I would hope that you know at least in my experience you know I value independent sources I value smaller things I want more authentic voices and I think those are important attributes we are trying to constantly improve you mentioned that you think uh more people will click through links and AI previews I think Liz who run search had a blog post making the same claim there’s no public data that says that this is true yet are you going to release that data are you going to show people that this is actually happening at an aggregate I think people we rely on this value of the ecosystem right uh if people over time on an aggregate don’t see value if website owners don’t see value coming back from Google I think we’ll pay a price I think so we have the right incentive structure but obviously look I I think we careful about there are a lot of individual ways iations and some of it is users choosing which way to go and and so I think that part is hard to sort out but I do think we’re committed at an aggregate level to do the right thing yeah I was reading uh some SEO Community trade Publications this morning responding to the changes and one of the things that was pointed out was that in search console it doesn’t show you if the clicks are coming from a featured snippet or an AI preview or just a regular Google 10 Blue Links would you break that out would you commit to Breaking that out so people can actually AIT and verify and measure that the AI previews are sending out as much traffic as you say they are you know I I I think it’s uh a good question for the search team they think about this uh you know at a deeper level than uh uh you know I do uh I think we’re constantly trying to give more visibility in a way but we also don’t want people to we want people to create the content that’s good and like we are trying to rank it and organize it so I think there’s a balance to be had um um you know the more we spec it out then the more people design for that so I think there’s a there’s a trade-off trade off there uh uh I think so it’s not clear to me what the right answer is yeah that trade-off between what you what you Speck out and say and what people make yeah I think that’s been the story of the web for quite some time and it had reached I think a steady state whether you think that steady state was good or bad but it was at least a steady state now that state is changing right it’s AI is obviously changing it the 10 Blue Links model that old steady state very much based on uh an exchange right we’re going to let you index our content we’re going to featured Snippets we’re going to let you see all of our information in return you will send us traffic that formed the basis of what you might call a fair use argument right Google is going to index the stuff there’s not going to be a lot of payments in the middle in the AI era no one knows how that’s going to go right there are some major lawsuits happening there are deals being made by Google open AI for training data do you think it’s appropriate for Google to start making more deals to pay for data to train search results because those AI Snippets are not really the same as the 10 Blue Links or anything else you’ve done in the past here we have uh Ian it’s a it’s a good question to be very clear there’s a myth that Google is search has been 10 Blue Links for a you know like you know I I look at our mobile experience over many many years right and we’ve had answers we allow you to refine questions and and so on we’ve had featured Snippets uh right uh you know and and and so on so you know the product has evolved significantly um I think but having said that you know as a company even even as we look at AI you know we’ve done even we’ve had showcase we’ have done uh licensing deals to the extent that is value uh uh you know we obviously think there is a case for fair use uh in the context of beneficial transformative use not going to argue that with you as given your background but I think there are cases in which we will see dedicated incremental value uh to our models and you know we’ll be looking at Partnerships to get at that yeah so I do think we’ll approach it that way let me ask this question a different way um and I won’t do too much fair use analysis with you I promise as much as I like doing it you there are some news reports recently that open AI had trained its video generation product Sora on YouTube how did you feel when you heard that that news uh look I we we don’t know the details I think you know our YouTube team is following up and trying to understand look I we have terms and conditions right and and and we would expect people to abide by those terms and conditions right and so I think when you build a product and so that’s that’s how I felt about it right you know so you felt like they had broken your terms and conditions or potentially if they had that wouldn’t have been appropriate that’s right yeah that’s right the reason I asked that question which is a much more emotional question is okay maybe that’s not appropriate and I you what openi has said whatever they’ve said is essentially in the order of we’ve trained on publicly available information which means we found it on the web most people don’t get to make that deal right they don’t have a YouTube team of Licensing professionals who can say we had terms and conditions they don’t even have terms and conditions they’re just putting their stuff on the internet do you understand why emotionally there’s the reaction to AI from the creative community that it feels the same way as you might have felt about opening a training on YouTube absolutely look okay uh I mean I think be it website owners or content creators or artists you know I can understand how emotional a transformation this is and I think part of the reason you saw even through Google IO when we working on products like music generation we’ve really taken an approach by which we are working first to make tools for arst we haven’t put a general purpose tool out there for anyone to create songs right so the way we have taken that approach in many of these cases is to put the Creator Community as much at the center of it as possible we’ve long done that with YouTube and through it all I think we’re trying to figure out what are the right ways to approach this yeah but it is a transformative moment as well and you know there are other players in this we are not the only player in the ecosystem uh we not the only player in the ecosystem but to your earlier question yes I understand people’s emotions uh through it you know I I definitely am uh very empathetic to how people are perceiving this moment because they feel like it’s a taking right that they put work on the internet and the big companies are coming they’re taking it for free and then they’re making products that that you’re charging 20 bucks a month for or that will lift their creative work and remix it for other people and it the thing that makes it feel like a taking is very little value Acres back to them and that’s really the thing I’m asking about is how do you bring value back to them how do you bring incentives back to the small Creator The Independent Business and saying look this feels like a taking I mean this look the whole reason we have uh spent I think we’ve been successful on platforms like youtubeers we’ worked hard to answer this question well right and so you’ll continue to see us dig deep about how to how to do this well and I think the players who end up doing better here will have more winning strategies over time I genuinely believe that and you know I think across everything we do um you know we have to sort that out anytime you’re running a platform I think it’s the basis on which you can build a sustainable long-term platform so I view you know through this AI moment over time there’ll be players who will do better by the content creators which which support their platforms and and whoever Does It Better will emerge as the winners I think that you know I I believe that to be a tenant right in in these things over time yeah one thing I think is really interesting about the YouTube comparison in particular um it’s been described to me many times that YouTube is a licensing business right you license a lot of content from the creators you obviously pay them back in terms of the advertising model there the music industry has a huge licensing business with YouTube it is an existential relationship I think for both sides um Susan wusi used to describe YouTube as a music service which I think confused everyone until you looked at the data Universal Music is mad about AI on YouTube YouTube reacts right they like build a bunch of tools they write a constitution about what AI will do and will not do people are mad about search generative experience or AI previews on the web Google doesn’t react the same way and I’m wonder you think so that’s so far from reality right I mean it’s we have taken I look at other players and how they’ve approached you mean you’re talking about opening which is just out there taking stuff right look and in general when you look at how we have approached search generative experience even through A Moment Like This the time we have taken to test iterate prioritize approaches yeah uh and the way we’ve done it over the years I you know would say you know uh you know I definitely disagree with the notion we don’t listen right so we deeply care we listen not everything you do may you know people may agree when you’re running an ecosystem you know you are balancing across different needs but I would definitely think uh and I I hope you always do uh because I think that’s the essence of what makes a product successful yeah let me talk about the other side of this so there search and people are going to game search and that’s always going to happen and that’s a a chicken egg problem the other thing that I see is happening is the web is being flooded with AI content there was an example a few months ago some unsavory SEO character said here’s this thing I just did I stole a bunch of traffic from a competitor I copied their site map I fed it into an AI and had it generate me copy for a website that match their sitemap I put up this website I stole a bunch of traffic from that website my competitor I think that’s a bad outcome I don’t think we want to incentivize that in any way shape or form that’s going to happen at scale right and more and more of the internet that we experience will be synthetic in some important way how do you on the one hand build the systems that create the synthetic content for people and on the other hand rank it get so that you’re only getting the best stuff because at some point the defining line for a lot of people is I want stuff made by a human and not stuff made by an AI I think there are multiple parts to your question right so one how do we sift through yeah high quality from low quality I’m like I literally view that as a mission statement it’s you know and it is what has defined search over many many years I actually think people underestimate the it’s it gets you know anytime you have this disruptive platform shifts uh you know you’re going to go through a phase like this I have seen that teams invest so much our entire search quality teams you know been spending the last um year right gearing up our ranking systems Etc to better better get at what is high quality content I think if I think the next decade people who can do that better who can sift through that um I think will win out I think you’re right in your assessment that you know people will value human created experiences I hope the data Bears the doubt and you know we have to be careful every time there’s a new technology there are old filmmakers if you go and talk about CGI and films they’re going to react very emotionally yeah right and there are still esteemed filmmakers who would never use CGI in uh in films but then there are people who use it and produce great films right and so I think you can’t just say anything with AI you know you may be using AI to lay out uh you know enhance video effects in your video Etc but I agree with you I think using AI to to produce on mass content without adding any value Etc I don’t think is what users are looking for yeah right but there is a big Continuum and you know over time users are adapting we are trying hard to make sure we do it in a responsible way but also listening to what users actually find as high quality versus not yeah and trying to get that balance right right and and that Continuum will look different a few years out than it is today but I think it’s I viewed as the essence of what search quality is uh and do I feel confident we will be able to approach it better than others yes right and I think that’s what defines the work we do for the listener these have been a lot of subtle shots at open AI today can I put this into practice by showing you a search I actually just did this search it is the search for best Chromebook uh as you know I once bought my mother a a Chromebook Pixel it’s one of my favorite tech purchases of all time so this is search for best Chromebook I’m going to hit generate at the top it’s going to generate the answer and then I’m going to do something terrifying which is I’m G to hand my phone to the CEO of Google this is my personal phone yeah don’t dig through it so you look at that and you know that it’s the same generation that I I’ve seen earlier I asked for best Chromebook and it says here’s some stuff you might think of and then you scroll and it’s some Chromebooks doesn’t say whether they the best Chromebooks and then it’s a bunch of headlines some of which are like birge headlines like here are some best Chromebooks that feels like the exact kind of thing that an AI generated search could answer in a better way like do you think that’s a good experience today is that a waypoint or is that the destination I think look you’re showing me a query in which we didn’t automatically generate the AI well there was a button that said do you want to do but that’s let me push back right there’s an important differentiation right there’s a reason we are giving a view without the generated AI overview and as a user you’re initiating an action right so we respecting the user intent there and when I scroll it I see Chromebooks I also see a whole set of links which I can go which which tell me all the ways you can think about Chromebooks yeah you know I so I see a lot of links so people didn’t show an AI overview in this case as a user you’re generating uh generating the follow-up question I think it’s right that we respect the user intent yeah if you don’t do that right people will go somewhere else too right I think so I you know so but I’m saying the answer to the question I did not write what is the best Chromebook I just wrote best Chromebook the answer the thing that identifies itself as an answer is not on that page and the leap to I had to push the button to Google pushes the button for me and then says what it believes to be the answer is very small and I’m wondering if you think a page like that today is that is the destination of the search experience or if this is a waypoint and you can see a future better version of that experience oh I uh I’ll give you my your phone back I’m tempted to check email right now out of habit look but you know I I think the direction of how these things will go uh you know it’s fully tough to predict you know we we are you know users keep Evol in right it’s it’s it’s it’s a more Dynamic moment than ever we are testing all of this right and like you know and and and this is a case where we didn’t trigger the AI overview because we felt like our AI overview is not necessarily the first experience we want to provide for that query because what’s underlying is maybe a better first look at the user yeah right and and those are all quality trade-offs we are making but if the user is asking for a summary right we are summarizing and giving Lings I think that seems like a reasonable direction to me yeah can I show you I’ll show you another one I’ll show you another one where it did expand automatically uh this one I only have screenshots for so this is Dave Le from Bloomberg did a search he got an AI overview and he just searched for JetBlue Mint Lounge SFO and it just says the answer which I think is fine and that’s the answer if you swipe one over I cannot believe I’m letting the C of Google swipe on my camera roll but if you slip one over you see where it pulled from you see the site it pulled from it is a word for word rewrite of that site that that this is the thing I’m getting at right like so you’re saying the AI generated preview of that answer if you just look at where it came from it is almost the same sentence that exists on on the site on the source of it that’s what I mean it’s at some point that the better experience is the AI preview and it’s just the thing that exists on all the sites underneath it it’s the same information I in my experience and that’s not what uses look the thing with search we handle billions of queries you can absolutely find a query and hand it to me and say could we have done better on that query yeah yes uh you know for sure but when I look across in many cases part of what is making people respond positively to AI overviews is the summary we are providing clearly adds value helps them look at things they may not have otherwise thought about if you AR an adding value at that level yeah I think people notice it over time right and and I think that’s a bar you’re trying to meet and not our data would show over 25 years if you aren’t doing something which uses fine valuable or enjoyable they let us know right away yeah over and over again we see that and and through this transition everything is the opposite yeah right it’s one of the biggest quality improvements we are driving in our product people people are valuing this experience so you know so I I think I would place a lot of you know I think there’s there’s a general presumption that people don’t know what they are doing yeah which I disagree with strongly like you know people who use Google are Savvy they understand and you know and so like you know to me you know I can give plenty of examples where I’ve used AI overviews as a user I’m like oh this is giving context oh maybe there are this Dimensions I didn’t even think in my original query right how do I expand upon it and look at it yeah yeah you’ve made oblique mention to open AI a few times I think I I actually haven’t like I think you see saying others there’s one other big competitor that is I think a little more uh you’re putting words in your mouth but that’s okay okay well I would say I saw open ai’s demo the other day of uh GPT 40 omy uh it looked a lot like the demos you gave it IO right this idea of multimodal search the idea that you have this like character you can talk to you had gems which was the same kind of idea it feels like there’s a race to get to kind of the same outcome for a search- like experience or an agent-like experience do you feel the pressure from that competition oh I mean this is uh no different from CI and Alexa and like you know we worked in the industry I think when you’re working in the technology industry I think that is Relentless Innovation right you know we felt uh a few years ago all of us building Voice assistance you could have asked the same version of this question right and uh what was Alexa trying to do and what was Siri trying to do so I think it’s a natural extension of that I think you have a new technology now uh and and and it’s evolving rapidly uh do I feel you know I felt like it was a good week for technology there was a lot of innovation I felt on Monday and Tuesday and so on that’s how I feel uh and I think it’s going to be that way for a while uh for a while I’d rather have it that way uh you know you’d rather be in a place where the underlying technology is evolving which means you can radically improve your experiences which you’re putting out MH uh I’d rather have that any time than a static face in which you feel like uh you know you’re not able to move forward fast I think a lot of us have had this vision for what a powerful assistant can be but we were held back by the underlying technology not being able to you know serve that goal yeah I think we have a technology which is better able to serve that that’s why you’re seeing the progress again so I think that’s exciting to to me I look at it and say we can actually make Google Assistant a whole lot better you’re seeing visions of that with project Astra right it’s you know it’s incredibly magical to me when I use it so uh you know so I’m very excited by it yeah this brings back to the first question I asked right language versus intelligence yeah to make these products I think you need a core level of intelligence do you have in your head a measure of this is when it’s going to be good enough I can trust this on all of your demo slides and all of open ai’s demo slides there’s a disclaimer that says check this info and to me it’s ready when you don’t need that anymore right you didn’t have check this info at the bottom of the 10 Blue Links you don’t have check this into at the bottom of featured Snippets necessarily you’re getting at a a deeper point where Hallucination is still an unsolved problem right I know it’s in some ways it’s a inherent feature it’s what makes these models very creative uh right you know it’s why it can immediately write a poem about Thomas Jefferson in the style of n it can do that right it’s incredibly creative um but you know llms aren’t nly the best approach to always yeah get at factuality right and which is part of why I feel excited about search because in search we bringing llms in a way but we are grounding it with with all the work we do in Search and laying it with enough context I think I think we can we can we can deliver a a better experience from that perspective but I think the reason you’re seeing those disclaimers is because of the inherent nature right there are still times it’s going to get it wrong yeah but I don’t think I would look at that and underestimate how useful it can be at the same time I think that would be a wrong way to think about it yeah Google lens is a good example right when we did Google lens first when we put put it out it would get uh you know it didn’t recognize all objects well but the curve year on year has been pretty dramatic and users are using it more and more we get billions of queries now we’ve had billions of queries now with Google LS it’s because you know the underlying image recognition paired with our knowledge entity understanding has dramatically expanded over time so I would view it as a Continuum right and and and I think again I go back to this saying users vote with their feet right fewer people used lens in the first year we also didn’t put it everywhere because we realized the limitations of the product when you talk to the Deep Mind Google brain team is there on the road map a solution to the hallucination problem uh it’s Google deep mine you know but uh uh um are we making progress yes we are uh uh we have definitely made progress you know when we look at metrics on factuality year on year so we’re all making it better uh but it’s not solved are there interesting ideas and approaches which they are working on yes uh you know yes but time will tell right and but you know but I would view it as llms are an aspect of AI right you know we working on AI in a much broader way uh but it’s an area where I think we’re all uh working definitely to drive more progress all right last question I think it’s the theme of this conversation 5 years from now this technology the paradigm shift will be will be through it it it feels like what does the best version of the web look for look like for you five years from now I I hope uh the web is uh much richer in terms of modality uh I think uh today uh I I feel like the way humans consume information you know still not fully encapsulated in in the web today things exist in very different ways radio Pages you YouTube Etc but over time I hope uh the web is much more multimodal um uh it’s much more richer much more interactive it is a lot more stateful which it’s not today so I you know I I I view it as while fully acknowledging the point people may use AI to generate a lot of spam I also feel every time there’s a new wave of Technology people quite don’t know how to use it yeah when mobile came everyone took web pages and like shoved it into mobile applications then later people evolved really native mobile applications so the way people use AI to actually solve new things new use cases Etc is yet to come so when that happens I think the web will be much much richer too so I think you know so you being you know dynamically composing a UI in a way that makes sense for you right and and uh different people have different needs right but today you know you’re not dynamically composing that UI yeah AI can help you do that over time you can also do it badly and wrongly and people can use it shallowly but there will be entrepreneurs who figure out a extraordinar good way to do it and out of it will there’ll be great new things to come so yeah Google creates a lot of incentives for development on the web through search through Chrome through everything that do yeah how do you make sure those incentives are aligned toward those goals CU I think maybe the biggest thing here is that the web Eco system is in a moment of change and Google has a lot of trust to build and rebuild how do you think about making sure those incentives Point into Rec call look not everything is in Google’s control I wish I could influence how what is the single toughest experience when I go to websites today as a user you can never have a you have a lot of cookie dialog to accept Etc right so I would argue there are many things outside you can go PLL 100 users right and like you know but you know the incentives we would like to create look I I I think and and there’s a complex question which is how do you reward originality creativity independent voice at whatever scale at which you’re able to do and you know give give a chance for that to thrive in this content ecosystem we create right and that’s what I think about that’s what the search team thinks about yeah uh but I think it’s an important principle and I think it’ll be important for the web and important for us as a company that’s great well suar thank you so much for the time thank you for being on decoder thanks thanks I greatly enjoyed it that’s great I appreciate it [Music]

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